Passive And Selfless Concern For The Bystander Effect

Abstract Altruism is the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. Otherwise known as â€Å"the bystander effect†, it is unfortunately exposed more via social networks and online websites in the present time. For instance, there is surveillance camera footage online which shows a small two year old girl getting run over by a van in China. Almost ten minutes go by as 18 people walk or drive past without any intentions of helping; some pedestrians looked and kept walking, others even created a path to avoid the motionless toddler. Eventually an older woman comes to the child’s aid but a few hours later he did not make it. With this short surveillance footage in mind, the final paper will focus on the past, present and future of the Bystander effect. The bystander effect has been found across a variety of experimental conditions, such as simulated asthma attacks (Harris Robinson, 1973) and car breakdowns (Hurley Allen, 1974). Simila r to the bystander effect case mentioned above, others will be introduced briefly to gain another perspective. I will share my research theories and studies that I conducted and will continue to study. Keywords: Bystander Effect, Vitim, Altruism, Studies Historical Analysis Paper Past The bystander effect has long been a social taboo that many people often can say confidently that they will be of assistance, when in actuality statistics have shown they will more than likely to become a bystander onceShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Bystander Effect: How Big Is to Big of a Group?944 Words   |  4 Pagesbusy street of Manhattan, Katie becomes light headed passing out; although she is in a large group of people, no one stops to help. This phenomenon is called the â€Å"bystander effect.† A bystander is often anyone who passed by, witnessed, or even participated in a certain situation (Polanin, Espelage Pigott, 2012). The bystander effect is the idea that the larger the group, the less likely an individual is to be helped. The likelihood of someone getting helped is inversely compared to the number ofRead MoreBystanders in Situations of Bullying: Motivations for Defending a Victim 1868 Words   |  8 Pagessocial or cyber. All bullying is composed of three sp ecific concepts—causing their victims harm, possessing greater power than their victims and repetition (Oh Hazler, 2009). Bystanders play perhaps the most vital role in bullying (Oh Hazler, 2009). Bystanders can help the bully (‘assistants’ or ‘reinforcers’), remain passive and non-interceptive (‘outsiders’) or they can be ‘defenders’, which are individuals who intervene using prosocial behaviours, meaning that they voluntarily act in ways that

The Write Term Paper Game

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Responsibilities of Board-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report advising a newly established board on what measures it needs to Implement to ensure appropriate conduct by the Board of Directors. Answer: Introduction Board in general refers to a board of directors or a group of individuals who are responsible for monitoring activities of a profit; no-profit organization or government agencies. Therefore, boards are for monitoring or overseeing whether an organization is abiding its fundamental constitutions as well as government legislations in a systematic way or not. The concern of the following report is to advise varied measures to a newly established board so that the board can properly ensure appropriate conduct by the recruited board of directors. The report will therefore identify the fundamental roles and responsibilities of a board and the possible risks associated with the responsibilities. In order to recognize the responsibilities as well as the frequent risks associated with them, it is essential at the very first to have a clear overview of the particular board that has been newly established. Overview of the newly established board As mentioned above, prior to give fruitful advises for ensuring appropriate conduct, it is essential to know the fundamental purpose and concerns of the newly established board. As the same time, it is essential to identify the key members of the board and their inclusive criterion. It has been identified that a Cape-town based start-up financial organization has established new board of ten respective members. The board size of the considered organization is ten and each of the respected members of the board has Finance degrees from top Universities of South Africa and it has been also found out that each of the recruited members of the newly established board have an impressive extent of experience from several reputed financial organizations previously. Thus, it is understandable that the concerned organization has not compromised in selecting the responsible individuals for the board of committee. In this context, it is essential to mention that the organizational aim of the financial enterprise, which has established the new board of directors, is to help customers with innovative investment schemes as well as help with external auditing. Hence, it is understandable enough that the organization deserves efficient individuals, who have not only financial degrees but also a fair amount of experiences in the particular field. It is essential to mention here that according to the concerned financial organization, they have established the new board of members, so that the authority always stays informed about the availability of adequate amount of the financial resources. It has been known that the organization has been facing some difficulties at their initial phase due to lack of financial resources and inappropriate management of t he existing financial resources. Hence, the organization decided to establish a new board of directors as the organization is expanding its grandeur lately due to getting satisfactory customer feedback and brand reputation. Roles and responsibilities of a board Prior to advise fruitful measures or initiatives to the newly established board, so that it can function properly, it is essential to look at the fundamental roles and responsibilities of the board members. A board of directors of a financial organization is accountable to hold the following responsibilities Establishing controls on financial activities Accounting as well as taking financial decisions is primarily the responsibility of the management of a financial organization. However, a management cannot accomplish the aforementioned responsibility if there is no convenient framework (Bai, 2013). A board of directors of a financial organization likes the concerned one, is responsible for creating the particular framework. Moreover, it is the mandatory responsibility of the board of directors of a financial enterprise to create policies so that any kind of fraud and error can be prevented timely. A board of directors of ever established and reputed financial organization is supposed to design policies for separation of duties, signature and authorization and good-governance policies. Under the name of good-governance, policies of an organization include conflict-of-interest policy, policy for document retention and whistleblower policy (Berger et al., 2016). Ensuring compliance with the fundamental policies After establishing financial policies and procedures, it is necessary to verify whether the employees, volunteers and other internal stakeholders are systematically complying with the established policies and fundamental procedures or not (Blowfield Murray, 2014). In this context, it is essential to mention that the internal stakeholders of an organization are supposed to comply with the policies made by the board of directors by reviewing reports and reading the annual letters of the auditors. Budget approval and reviewing financial reports Although the fact that an organizations management is accountable for creating annual budgets and maintain it accordingly to serve for the administrative decisions, the board of directors is responsible for first reviewing and thereafter approving the budget. It is therefore the duty of the board of directors to ensure that the budget is comprehensive as well as realistic according to the performance capability of the organization. At the same time, boards of a financial organization is responsible for reviewing financial reports on half-yearly, quarterly or in annual basis (Boulouta, 2013). For the small and medium-sized organizations like the one that has been considered, financial reports are required to be reviewed quarterly. Ensuring financial sustainability, creating audit committee and compensating management Every business organization necessarily requires an audit committee, whose responsibility is to review the financial disclosure of an organization. For financial organizations who themselves provide the service of auditing, it is essential initially to build an audit committee who will look after the financial performance as well as the activities of auditing of the employees. Additionally, it is the responsibility of the board to see whether the organization is acquiring financial sustainability or not (Frias?Aceituno et al., 2013). In order to do that it is necessary compare the current financial performance with the performance of the previous years. The board is also responsible for creating compensations for the senior management as well as for the CEO of an organization. Maintaining adequate financial reserves and risk management Board or a board of directors of an organization should look after the existing financial reserves of an organization and is responsible for establishing procedures in order to determine when and for which reasons the financial reserves will be utilized. At the same time, a board of directors is responsible in identifying risks, assessing them and establish strategies to mitigate them, so that an organization does not has to face any difficulties. Possible risks and issues After having an in-depth idea about the fundamental roles and responsibilities of a board, it is required to see what can be the possible risks as well as issues related with the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors. In order to ensure appropriate conduct, dysfunctional board of directors is required to be prevented at the first place. Some of the frequent risks, which are associated with accomplishing the roles and responsibilities of a board, are Due to lack of preparation and activeness, several times board of directors fails to conduct risk identification and risk assessment properly. Consequently, an organization suffers from unexpected outcomes and disappointing revenue margin (Knepper et al., 2016). It is a board of directors one of the essential duties to supervise and control the activities of the management. Several times, due to biasness, boards of directors overlook the faults of the senior management and the issues between the management and the employees. Consequently, the particular organization suffers from employee attrition and low standard performances from the workforce (Leipziger,). For example, Woolworths eventually encounter biggest employee riot for giving inappropriate treatment and low salary. Subsequently, Woolworths reputation was harmed and the CEO resigned. Several times due to autocratic mentality, boards of directors ignored to receive feedbacks from the management, which subsequently decrease the communicational bond and for the directors, it becomes hard to get proper information from the internal stakeholders. On the other hand, several times, the directors of a board or organizational lacks adequate effective skills. Various times, it has been also identified that instead of giving worthwhile contribution to an organization, skills of some directors becomes less relevant with the present strategies and market demands. In such case, an organization can face marketing challenges (Van Grembergen De Haes, 2017). It is one of the potential duties of the board of directors to vote members and include new individuals in the board. Most of the time organizations face lack of integrity and agreeable approach among the directors. Due to such conditions, it becomes difficult to select an appropriate member for the board as well as reach to a proper decision. Among most of the South African organization, it has been identified that directors are facing personal liability issues, which is considered as the problem occurred by the pressure of corporate governance (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Organizations like Marsh, Norton Rose South Africa and Chartis South Africa are facing such issues. Measures to ensure appropriate conduct The above sections have given a clear understanding about which frequent issues can harm the functioning of a board of directors. It has been understood that the concerned organization may face lack of integrity and biasness are the two main constraints for effective functioning of the board. Therefore, the considered organization should adopt the following measures Carefully choose and employ an inside director and an outside director In order to ensure effective functioning of a board, the organization at the very first should select experienced as well as efficient inside directors. At the same time, the outside directors, who are generally the president or the owner of the organization should have an accompanying approach to the inside director. In order to do such, frequent meetings between the inside and outside directors are essential. Face-to-face talking helps in sorting out issues as well as convincing each other in an impressive way (Alliance, 2015). The particular procedure will help the organization in avoiding the issue of lack of integrity or less agreeable approach to each other. With the help of the particular measure, the organization can successfully reach to suitable decisions. Judging the skills of individuals prior to implement them As it has been identified that lack of effective skills has several times created problems for varied organizations like Marsh and Chartis. Thus, prior to employ the members, it will be convenient to test the skills of the director (Ittner Keusch, 2015). It will help in future to avoid any kind of inappropriate behaviors performance of the directors. Avoiding personal liability risks and implementing performance evaluation procedures As the personal liability issue is one of the potential issues, faced by the South African companies, to have a flawless functioning of the board of directors, it will be important to look after whether any of the directors are having liability risks or not. At the same time, yearly performance evaluation will be also required. A performance evaluation on yearly basis will help the directors to see their own faults as well as it will help them to improvise the same (Roman County, 2013). On the other hand, if the directors will not have to face any liability risks, they could work with motivation and can give their complete dedication. Conclusion The report has indicated that the considered organization should adopt the measures, which will help the board of directors in avoiding personal liability risks and can have the opportunity to identify individual faults. At the same time, the report has also advised that the organization should make a cooperative relationship between the inside director and the outside directors of the organization References Alliance, T. B. (2015). Board of Directors.AGENDA. Bai, G. (2013). How do board size and occupational background of directors influence social performance in for-profit and non-profit organizations? Evidence from California hospitals.Journal of business ethics,118(1), 171-187. Berger, A. N., Imbierowicz, B., Rauch, C. (2016). The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), 729-770. Blowfield, M., Murray, A. (2014).Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press. Boulouta, I. (2013). Hidden connections: The link between board gender diversity and corporate social performance.Journal of Business Ethics,113(2), 185-197. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Frias?Aceituno, J. V., Rodriguez?Ariza, L., Garcia?Sanchez, I. M. (2013). The role of the board in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(4), 219-233. Ittner, C. D., Keusch, T. (2015). The Influence of Board of Directors Risk Oversight on Risk Management Maturity and Firm Risk-Taking. Knepper, W. E., Bailey, D. A., Bowman, K. B., Eblin, R. L., Lane, R. S. (2016).Duty of Loyalty(Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Leipziger, D. (2015).The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Roman, J., County, O. M. (2013). Board of Directors. Van Grembergen, W., De Haes, S. (2017, January). Introduction to IT Governance and Its Mechanisms Minitrack. InProceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

Sexual issues free essay sample

Life is good, Moored life is messy. Many social problems have surfaced in all new forms, and they affect the life of all people some way or somehow. But still the world turns and fights on so that these issues dont eat at us. But sex though, one of the greatest gifts of life: that makes life, helps us live life and Is life; now seems to be a problem to life. Transforming Into an Issue to mankind, and more problematic to the present college student. People may wonder why this comes as a problem, because everyone needs to have seer or at list that swims wrought the minds of the existed and discombobulate students, Students tend to view sex as just some hobby that makes them FLT in, or shows them to be a so called mature individual. But looking at sex form these stand points are not wise In any form. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas sex Is health and has many countless benefits to man and woman; may they be homo, bee or metro sexual, sex is good. But where there is good must be evil, so sex does have some negative impacts especially when looks at from these stand points. Negative impacts such as upland pregnancy and 1 out of 4 unplanned regencies are genuinely accepted. Reasons being that being a mother and or a father Is a great responsibly. Taking cure of a little baby is a very big Job. And In your early levels of college education a child is more than Just a distraction, but a whole new life style. Even more stressful than getting a child from the sex is getting a curse from sex. Because Just as how sex can bring new life to earth so It can take life from earth. AIDS and or HIVE does wonders to the mind and body in such a way, that it most times leads to death. Even though we all are walking to death, no one whats to run there. Hence why these problems was, are, and will always be a true issue and a form of stress on college students. But luckily there is this great practice called abstinence, but when something Is as good as sex. One doesnt simply stop at one slice of sweet heaven. So even more luckily there are what they call condoms and other ways of practicing safe sex. And by doing so will prevent or and solve these problems. But even as these are some problems there are more problems at hand, where he type of sex you have may not be pleasing to the people around you. Especially as children living in Dominica; acceptance from ma underpinnings is very influential on your life. Because not having sex Is a problem; having sex Is a problem; having behind sex is very much a problem; having sex out of your age range is a problem, having too much sex, shouldnt, but still is a problem. These and more will all open you too criticism. And the truly best way to solve this problem that Dominica seems to have with its win people is to say for give them, because life is full of Judgment and you Just need to pick which ones youll let affect your life. So basically sex is lovely, its a great gift from God, its healthy when done safely, and even more secularly enticing when done properly. So choosing to have sex Is not when hot take a wet bath; when hard find somewhere soft; finally, when your happy and you know what youre doing, worry less about other input on your life, once you know what your doing is right. Alphorns. T Bell

Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Ancient Roman Architecture

Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Ancient Roman Architecture Pantheon Introduction I chose to report on the pantheon because Ive seen pictures and I am also very fascinated by all the Roman monuments. I looked all around the internet and libraries. The Pantheon was very hard to find information about. It was very challenging but I found enough information to complete this report. This famous building stands in the business district of Romemuch as it was built some 18 centuries ago. Amazingly, it has withstood the ravages of both the elements and war permitting a firsthand view of a unique product constructed by Roman hands. Now, it is exposed to acid rain and fumes from passing automobiles and overshadowed by buildings of inferior taste; but, with trust in the future, the Pantheon will survive. Unrecognized, the design of this ancient concrete building reveals unparalleled features not encountered in modern design standards. Recent studies reveal several major cracks in the dome, but it still functions unimpaired. This condition will surely excite the curiosity of our structural engineers. The building was built entirely without steel reinforcing rods to resist tensile cracking, so necessary in concrete members, and for this concrete dome with a long span to last centuries is incredible. Today, no engineer would dare build this structure without steel rods! Modern codes of engineering practice would not permit such mischief. No investor with knowledge of concrete design would provide the funding. Additional constraints when attempting to build a structure as large as the Pantheon will be discussed later, but briefly they include the use of inadequate hand tools and unsafe lifting devices. I believe we can learn from this activity. Workers can build from a plan and can successfully use their proven practices only if construction quality controls are maintained. History tells us that the Pantheon is a Greek word meaning to honor all Gods (particularly the Olympian divinities). It is ironic that our building has existed throughout m any wars while being dedicated to all Gods; one can readily perceive this to be a temple for our one God. And, the Church has claimed this holy structure as a resting place for its most famous Popes, so we continue to honor its magnificent divinity. The first incarnation of this ancient temple was built by Agrippa, the son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, about 27 B.C. Today, above the entrance carved in stone are the words M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT which is translated, Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that Agrippa's engineering talents were used in building the famous Pont de Gard aqueduct in France. As with many cities, tragedy in the form of large fires such as those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. seemed to strike Rome. Originally, many Roman buildings contained travertine (limestone rock) which easily cracked in fires. The first Pantheon was severely damaged and required replacement except for some par ts of the lower porch section and foundation. The Pantheon was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a time given by Ward-Perkins).2 But the Ward-Perkins's period is disputed by, Lugli who said the building was started sometime after 123 A.D. and was finished by Emperor Pius about 140 A.D.3 However, most of the bricks were made and placed in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that the maker stamped on his bricks. This was discovered in 1892 by the French archaeologist, George Chedanne. It appears the construction of the rotunda walls took a period of 4 to 5 years, and the dome required a like period because of its height and the meager tools the Romans used. This long construction period was fortunate as it gave this pozzolan concrete ample time to cure and gain strength. Was the second temple like the first? Yes, the fundamental principle of the old Roman religion required that the temples be rebuilt without changes in original form. Tradition required tha t the main entrance face north, and thus the whole building was oriented on the north-south axis of the building. A description of its structural features is separated into the configuration, foundation ring, circular walls, and dome to more clearly define various

Using the Spanish Word Fin

Using the Spanish Word Fin As a cousin of English words such as final and finish, the Spanish fin (pronounced approximately like feen would be), the masculine noun fin is usually used to refer to the end or completion of something. It is also used in some common phrases. Some examples of fin with its usual meaning: Muchos creen que el fin del mundo ser el aà ±o 2019. Many think the year 2019 will be the end of the world. Dice que Twitter es el comienzo del fin de la interaccià ³n humana. He says Twitter is the beginning of the end for human interaction. El fenà ³meno La Nià ±a llega a su fin, segà ºn expertos meteorolà ³gicos. The La Nià ±a phenomenon is coming to an end, according to weather experts. Todo tiene su fin. Everything comes to an end. (Literally, everything has its end.) La agencia estatal de inversiones deberà ­a abrir nuevamente a fines de julio. The state investment agency should reopen at the end of July. Salieron y caminaron hasta el fin de la calle. They left and walked toward the end of the street. La presidenta puso fin al suspenso. The president put an end to the suspense. A buen fin no hay mal principio es una comedia de William Shakespeare. Alls Well That Ends Well is a William Shakespeare comedy. (The Spanish title could be translated literally as There is no bad beginning to a good end.) Es el fin del sueà ±o americano. Its the end of the American dream. El fin can also refer to the purpose or goal of something (as does end in some contexts): El fin de la educacià ³n es la virtud moral. The goal of education is moral virtue. Los fines no justifican los medios. The ends dont justify the means. Phrases Using Fin One of the most common phrases using fin is fin de semana, a calque of the English weekend: Quiero que los fines de semana sean ms largos. I wish weekends were longer. Here are some other phrases using fin; translations other than those given may be possible: a fin de que (so that, in order that): Quiero abrir una escuela a fin de que todos participen. I want to open a school so that all can participate. (Note that the verb following this phrase is in the subjunctive mood. al fin y al cabo (when all is said and done, at the end of the day): Al fin y al cabo, somos arquitectos de nuestro propio destino. When all is said and done, we are the architects of our own destiny. en fin (phrase with a nebulous meaning used to refer to and sometimes downplay what has been expressed earlier): En fin, vamos a ver como realmente funciona. Anyway, lets see if it really works. fin de fiesta (grand finale): Ésta es la cancià ³n perfecta para un fin de fiesta. This is the perfect song for a grand finale. por fin, al fin (finally, at last): El iPhone 4 blanco por fin (al fin) ha llegado y es una belleza. The white iPhone 4 has finally arrived, and its a beauty. Sources: As is the case with most lessons on this site, sample sentences frequently are adapted from online sources written by native speakers. Sources consulted for this lesson include: Legox, blog de Gadhafy, EWTN, Menà ©ame, Clarà ­n, BNAmà ©ricas, MuyInteresante.es, La Coctelera, Cibercorresponsales, Javier Fernndez.

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Essay - 1

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Roman Empire - Essay Example However, in the Roman Empire the government distrusted Christians and this implied that they were the minority in a society that was filled with pagans. During this period, the Christians followed the Christian way of life by obeying authorities such as bishops and the rule of law, but they refused to abide by the customs of the pagans. The government was filled with pagans, and this prompted it to single out the Christians, but they held on strongly to Christianity and they were not moved by the constant harassments they underwent. This scenario prompted Christians to be killed and continued to unite them further in their fight to be allowed freedom of worship. Prior to the end of the roman empire Diocletian, who was an emperor during this time declared Christianity as forbidden and churches were demolished. In addition to this, Christians were denied their legal rights all in the efforts of completely removing Christianity from the society. Around the year 299, disruption of the pagan rituals and burning of the Diocletian’s palace caused many Christians to be killed since they were blamed for these occurrences. However, the persecutions did not completely destroy Christianity, and this is the time when Constantine took up the fight to restore Christianity because he was disturbed by the persecution they underwent. Constantine had encountered many of the harassments against Christians since he was brought up in Diocletian’s court and he found them disturbing. Before the battle between the Christians and pagans at the Milvian Bridge, he had a dream where God instructed on how they would encounter the pagans. During this time, he was not a Christian, but he had a vow that if he won this battle he would fight for Christians for the rest of his reign. His mother was a Christian and she had instilled Christianity values in him, so he had the zeal to fight for their rights. The Christians won this battle, and he believed that God

Interventions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interventions - Research Paper Example g programs is enlarged to take in the actual job requirements vis-Ã  -vis the knowledge and skill levels on an individual basis, whereby the learning needs of the individual are identified, and the training program removes this deficit in the individual (Buckley & Caple, 2010, p.108). Analyses of the training needs are from two perspectives. The first perspective relates to the knowledge and skills required for the job or task, while the second perspective pertains to the specific learning needs of the individual for the job or task. The analyses provide a list of knowledge and skills that need to be delivered to the individual. The list is then translated into the behavioral objectives of the training, which paves the way for opting for the most appropriate sequence for delivering the training needs. Transfer of the training is achieved through putting into practice the knowledge and skills received through the training at the workplace. No training is complete in the absence of evaluation of the exercise. Evaluation of the training is done through examining the effectiveness of the training and the value provided by the training (Buckley & Caple, 2010, p.108). The system level at which one-to-one training is most applicable is when the individual is about to start on a new job or task assigned. This may occur when a new employee joins the organization, and needs to be trained on the new job. Alternatively, an existing employee may be assigned a new job function or a new job task. In both these eventualities one-to-one training is the most appropriate training method (Buckley & Caple, 2010, p.108). There are three elements involved in the best practices for one-to-one training. The first element is delivering the training at the right time. Immediately prior to an individual undertaking a new job or task is the right time to deliver the training. The second element is delivering the training at the right place. By right place, the meaning pertains to giving

The Psychology to Sams Rebellion Essay Example for Free

The Psychology to Sams Rebellion Essay The Psychology 2 In the movie Life as a House, Georges son, Sam goes through new changes in behavior. When the movie begun Sam was a rebellious young teen with negative feelings toward his father. Throughout the plot of the movie Sam goes through experiences with his father as they spend time together over the summer, which brings them closer together and allows them to have a better relationship. Sams acting out and unwanted actions were results of his parents divorce and not having a healthy relationship with his father. In Psychology, the basic concept of Nature vs. Nurture is said to Influence Development. Nature, according to Laura A. King (2010), includes â€Å"the individuals biological inheritance, especially his or her genes† (p.264). Nurture involves a persons environment and experiences. In her book King (2010) also states â€Å"early experiences are important contributors to development† (p.266). In the movie you could easily understand the nurture side of Sams behavior. Knowing and hearing about what kind of people Sam hangs out with we can kind of understand why he dresses a certain way and why he partakes in certain activities, such as drugs. The people he hangs out with leads us back again to the divorce. Sam chooses to hang out with others like him who fell pain inside. His behaviors are a cry for help. In the movie Sam says â€Å"I like how it feels not to feel†. He does drugs to forget his problems and not feel pain. The emotions that young kids and teens go through when parents get a divorce usually include depression, anger, sadness, and the feeling that maybe they could have done something to have made the situation better. While some children and teens choose to hide their feelings, Sam didnt. He acted out with disrespect and constant anger. â€Å"No one knows whether there are actually more depressed kids today or just greater awareness of the problem, but some researchers think that the stress of a high divorce The Psychology 3 rate, rising academic expectations and social pressure may be pushing more kids over the edgeâ€Å" (Wingert, Pat, Barbara Kantrowitz, 2002, p. 52). The emotions that Sam has and also his Development contribute to his Personality. Sam has what is called an Introverted personality, because he is not very social and mostly keeps to himself. We see an example of his introverted behavior toward the beginning of the movie when he locks himself in his room and pushes his mother out. He prefers to be alone, and is not very social. Sams primary defense mechanism is Displacement. He â€Å"shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another† (King, 2010, p.343). The anger he has about the divorce , he shifts onto everyone else, especially his father. His parents divorce had a significant impact on his personality, emotions and development. Motivation is â€Å"the force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do† (King, 2010, p.305). Motivation is usually triggered by an incentive, or a reward for certain behaviors. The most common incentive is money. When George flushes drugs that he found that Sam was supposedly holding for a friend in the toilet, Sam freaks out because he has to now pay his friend back. He is then motivated to work to make money to pay for the drugs. He asks his father to give him ten dollars an hour to help George build the house. At first, the money was his primary motivation, but as he started getting closer with his father it became less about the money and more about building their father-son relationship and also building himself back up again. After George had opened up about his father and his past, Sam says â€Å"I havent used anything [drugs] in two days, Im trying†. His father motivates him to become a better person and to change his life around. When Sam acts out, his parent dont usually know how to handle him, so Sam The Psychology 4 continues to rebel. If his parents were to use Operant conditioning to reinforce Sams behavior, he most likely wouldnt have rebelled as much. He would still have Negative feelings but his actions wouldnt have been so extreme. Nurturing come in again with learning and conditioning. If his father was around more to reinforce his behavior, he wouldnt have been the young teenaged boy who lashed out. Operant Conditioning is a way of learning and Sam needed to learn that his actions have consequences. Sam has a problem with substance abuse. In an intense seen with his father, he admits to have been using since he was twelve years old. Along with the stress of his parents divorce his drug abuse is a factor contributing to his extreme behavior. It is said that â€Å"a striking consequence of drug use by young people is its association with violence and delinquency† (Winters, 2010, p.118). Sam has become so accustomed to the use of drugs, since hes been taking them for so many years, that he even steals his fathers Vicodine. Anything to ease his pain. Not only does he suffer with drug abuse he also seems to have depression. Depression is a common illness for those who have divorced or absent parents. â€Å"Depressed teenagers are more reactive to the environment than depressed adults. In addition, they act irritable. In classical depression, you are depressed allor almost all-of the time. Depressed teens moods are much more changeable. If an adult male gets depressed and you take him to a party, he is still depressed. In fact, he may depress others at the party. A teenage boy who is depressed and gets taken to a party might brighten, might actually want to have sex. If pursued, he might enjoy himself. But if he goes home alone, he is likely to become very depressed again. These mood changes are very hard for parents to understand† (Winters, 2010, p.118). The changes and behaviors seen in Sam, in the movie Life as a house, are caused The Psychology 5 due to a divorce between parents. And many aspects of the young adults behavior can be analyzed with psychology. Sams emotions, personality, learning and development all pertain to one another. Sams father helped motivate him, enabling him to turn his life around. His emotions had changed, not completely, but he became less angry and less violent then when he was in the beginning of the movie. His Personality had also changed a bit, he was no longer as introverted as he was, he became a little more social. The Psychology 6 References King, L. (Ed.). (2010). Experience Psychology (1st ed.). New York, NY: McGraw- Hill. Wingert, Pat, Kantrowitz, B. (2002, October 07). Young and Depressed. Newsweek. 52. Winters, Ken C. (1998, October). Kids and Drugs. Corrections Today. 118.

The Beer Industry :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Beer Industry Industry & Competitive Analysis CHIEF ECONOMIC TRAITS OF THE BEER INDUSTRY The market size of the beer industry is incredible. The wholesale volume in the beer industry is approxiametly $13.7 billion. The industry employes almost 40,000 people. The average worker is paid about $18.27 an hour. As you can see, this is a very large industry which provides many jobs to the american workforce. The market consists of many competitors, some being very large and some operating on a very small scale. The competitive rivalry is broken up into three segments, Natiional, Regional , and Microbrewers. National competitors have a wide market coverage and generally a large company. Regional competitors are smaller than National in the fact that they only distribute in certain regions. Microbrewers are the smallest of the three because their size and capacity limit them to only distribute to small geographic areas. The market growth rate of the beer industry is perplexing. In domestic brands, from 1983 to 1984 there has been a decline in consumption of -1.2%. In the imported section there has been an increase of 14.3%. The total industry as a whole declined .7% from 1983 to 1984. As a result of the decline in consumption of beer a similar result in production occurred with a decline of 1.2% The estimated forecast for 1985 will continue along the same trend as did 1984. The long term outlook for the industry is that sales will remain flat for the next 10 to 20 years. There are many companies in the industry. Through the years the industry has slimmed down quite a bit. The National market consists of ten major competitors. The Competitors in this market are Anheuser-Busch, Miller, Stroh, G. Heileman, Adolphs Coors, Pabst, Genesee, C. Schmidt, Falstaff, and Pittsburgh. The National companies have 51 plant locations across the United States. Market share in the Domestic market ranges from a low of .5% to a high of 34%. The Import market consists mainly of ten major brands also. They are Heineken(Netherlands), Molson(Canada), Beck's(Germany), Moosehead(Canada), Labatt(Canada), St. Pauli Girl(Germany), Dos Equis(Mexico), Foster's Lager(Australia), Amstel Light(Netherlands), and Corona(Mexico). These ten brands hold about 87% of the imported market share. The individual companies range in market share from 34% on down.

Edward Reighn 1042-1053 Essay

How effectively did Edward deal with the problems he faced during the first part of his reign, 1042-1053? When Edward came into power in 1042, England was in a poor state financially and also because of threats of an invasion and this made the first few years of his rule difficult. Edward was faced with many problems which he had to overcome. These problems involved; powerful Earls, (especially the Godwine’s), the foreign policy and the domestic policy. Edward both failed and succeeded in these problems due to a number of factors. These include a lack of knowledge about his kingdom and some may argue that he was naà ¯ve in his decisions. With some evaluation, we will be able to judge if Edward was a successful King or not. One of the problems Edward faced was because of the weak position he was in: He had been in exile for 25 years in Normandy; therefore he had no knowledge of the English politics and structure of the country. He also had no strong political allies such as Earls and Thegns to aid him with ruling the country effectively and to everyone’s best interests. One of his biggest rivals was Earl Godwine; Godwine was a politically powerful character at this time. Before Edward became King, he had allied himself to King Cnut and married Gytha who was a relative of Cnut. From 1040 onwards, he was the second richest man in the country after the king so therefore, he was in a very powerful position compared to King Edward as he had strong political allies, and great knowledge of England. Earl Godwine played a massive role in Edward becoming a King; he persuaded the Earls to accept him. This may be so that Godwine could dominate Edward in ruling the country or to convince him of his loyalty. In the early years of Edwards reign, Godwine took advantage of his weak position and got his family members; Sweyn, Harold and Beorn the position of Earls. His Daughter Edith, also became Edwards wife in 1045, Godwine had used his power and authority to get his family members into strong position. Godwine was an â€Å"over mighty subject† and Edward needed to counteract this. To gain more power, Edward put Normans into powerful and key positions, his nephew Ralf was made an Earl, and large estates were given to Bretons (Robert Fitzwimarc and Ralf the Staller). By 1051, Edward had managed to appoint Normans as bishops, and eventually half were filled by Englishmen and the other half by Normans and other foreigners; Godwine and English Earls hated this. In 1050, the Archbishop of Canterbury died and instead of Godwine’s relative Aelfric being appointed, he made Robert of Jumieges Archbishop instead. The witans supported this decision, this may have been because Godwine was in such a strong position that the other Earls were jealous. So overall,Edward had not been a complete success with regards to gaining power over Godwine as he hadn’t managed to appoint all the positions to Normans and only got one up on Godwine when appointing archbishop as there was rivalry between the Earls. However, even though Edward had got one up on Godwine, Godwine was still responsible for the murder of his brother Alfred. Godwine had arrested Alfred and killed some of his followers, he was then taken out of Godwine’s hands and but on board a ship where soon afterwards he soon died. In 1046, Godwin’s eldest son Sweyn abducted a nun and used her as a sex slave, when this was put to light he was sent into exile to Flaunders and Denmark and his land was shared between his brother Harold and his cousin Beorn. As Godwine was unable to prevent this, its shows how King Edward did have some power over him. However, in 1049 Sweyn returned in the hope of getting Beorn and Harold to help him regains the Kings trust, they refused to do this which eventually led in Sweyn killing Beorn. Again, he had committed a crime, but this was of international significance as Beorn was the Kings brother. This resulted in Sweyn being declared as nothing by King Edward and his counsellors, with his lands being handed to the Kings French nephew, Ralf of Mantes. Again in 1050, Sweyn returned back to England and was surprisingly pardoned by the King. This shows that Edward was very naà ¯ve and vulnerable in respect with having to make decisions independently. The Godwine’s were an incredibly influential power in England, and Edwards actions show that he in unable to keep them out of power for very long. During Edwards reign, there was a big threat of England being invaded by the Scandinavians and Vikings. Some of these people had claims to the throne and wanted to take over the country and claim their positions. Swein had appealed for Edwards help however, Edward decided to adopt the â€Å"wait and see policy†. This policy was non-interventionist and meant that he didn’t get involved with other countries problems. In the end Harold Hardrada and Swein were fighting for supremacy in Scandinavia which meant they didn’t invade England. This resulted in the Foreign policy being a success. England was benefited hugely as people were financially wealthier as they didn’t have to pay extra tax, also Edward was becoming more independent in his decisions with law and order as his decisions only seemed to have positive effects on the country; during Edwards reign, England was not invaded, staying out of the situation kept England safe. Edwards popularity soared with the public as they were saving money which benefitted their families. Another problem Edward had to overcome during his reign was the domestic policy. Edward had to decide how the country needed ruling and what the best policies were. If he chooses an unpopular and inappropriate policy the country would be in a disaster and he would receive even less support which he desperately needed as he was already in a weak position. As the foreign policy was a great success, Edward was able to reform the domestic policy and abolished the yearly geld in 1051 which paid for 14 manned ships to be a permanent defence for the country, instead he made an agreement with the Cinque Ports, (these were Sandwich, Dover, Fordwich, Romney and Hythe). In emergencies these ports would supply manned warships to defend the country. This new policy meant that the public didn’t have to pay the geld but the Cinque Ports had to ensure that they were ready for an emergency. As a result the population became better off without having to pay the tax, therefore Edwards’s popularity dramatically increased putting him in a stronger position. Edward took a massive gamble with reforming the domestic policy; it was both naà ¯ve and forward thinking. If England had been invaded in Edwards reign it would have had a devastating effect on the country. On the other hand Edward gained a lot more support from the public; this strengthened his position as a King. Edward had succeeded in relation to the foreign policy and the domestic policy. Overall, I think that Edward was a successful King although some of his decisions succeeded down to luck. With regards to the powerful Earls, he was able to overcome this problem as he got many of his trusted Normans into key positions but because there were also power struggles between the Earls then in some decisions they supported him to degrade Godwine, so therefore they were not trusted and reliable allies to Kind Edward. Both the Foreign policy and the Domestic policy were a success, they gained support from the country but Edward was incredibly lucky that the country was not invaded during his reign. Edward was very forward thinking in his decisions, and did become a successful King even though in the first few years of his reign he faced many problems.

Laws Special Education Essay

Prior to 1969, there was no special education or related services offered to learning-disabled children. By providing funds, the Public Law of 1969 known as the Children with Specific Learning Disabilities Act has recognized children with â€Å"learning disabilities† (Berger, 2008, p. 302) and enabled them to receive special education and other services such as physical therapy, speech, transportation, etc. In addition, by enforcing mandated education for all children, the Public Law has protected children with disabilities from being rejected or forced out of school as it used to happen before 1960’s (Berger, 2008, p.302). By requiring local educational agencies to offer special education services for students with disabilities (Dunlap, 2009, p. 5), the Public Law provided parents/guardians with the opportunity to receive necessary assistance. As of 1975, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) required each child with disabilities to have the Individual Education Plan (IEP) written by the multidisciplinary team working with the student, which allowed specifying educational goals according to child’s unique needs. Also, by placing children with special needs in â€Å"least restrictive environment† (a setting as close as possible to a setting designed for children without disabilities), the EAHCA has helped the students with learning disabilities to advance their academic achievement and social skills (Berger, 2008, p. 302). Since the integration of EAHCA in 1975, the parental participation in the writing, approval, and evaluation of each child’s IEP has become mandatory (Dunlap, 2009, p. 91). The EAHCA also guarantees parents the right to sue a district if they feel that the best interest of their child is not being met or if they disagree with decisions regarding services provided to their child (Dunlap, 2009, p. 7). Since 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has worked in favor of â€Å"individuals† (previously referred to as â€Å"children†) to assist them with their â€Å"disabilities† (previously referred to as â€Å"handicaps†) (Berger, 2008, p. 302). IDEA emphasized parent’s right and collaboration in educational placement, IEP, and assessment of their child (Dunlap, 2009, p. 11). This law allowed parents to have advocates in schools (trained individuals to work for the welfare of their children). Updated in 1997 and 2004, IDEA strengthened the role of parents and their rights to be involved in educational decisions affecting their children. As these laws have contributed to the present status of Special Education in the U. S. , they continue being crucial in ensuring the help that individuals with disabilities need. While the public law makers have incorporated numerous special services, they keep modifying previously integrated laws to ensure that each child’s unique needs are met. The IDEA of 1990, for example, added autism as classification category to address current disability (Dunlap, 2009, p. 9). Its amendment of 1997 listed AD/HD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) as a â€Å"separate disability category, making children with AD/HD eligible for services under the health-impairment category Other† (Dunlap, 2009, p. 11). Bibliography Berger, K. S. (2008) The developing person: Through the life span (7th ed. ) (pp. 301-305). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Dunlap, L. L. (2009). An introduction to early childhood special education: Birth to age five. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc..

RU-486 essays

RU-486 essays The medication "mifepristone" was invented in France by Dr. Etienne-Emile Baulieu in 1980. It is widely know as "RU-486" throughout North America. The letters is taken from the initials of the pharmaceutical company Roussel-Uclaf. The "486" is an arbitrary lab serial number. 1 It was first introduced in France, where it is called Mifegyne. It has been used, in combination with prostaglandin medication, to induce abortions in about 500,000 women over almost 2 decades. Over the last fifteen years, dozens of clinical studies on RU-486 have been conducted with thousands of women in over 20 countries, including France, Britain, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the U.S., Scandinavia, and the former Soviet Union. 11 In 1999, mifespristone was approved for marketing in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Israel, the Netherlands and Spain. 15 Danco Laboratories, the U.S. distributor expected to be selling the pill in that country by the end of 1999. 11 That did not happen; FDA finally approved the pill for U.S. distribution on 2000-SEP-28. It will be distributed under the name "Early Option Pill." In late 1988, Roussel-Uclaf started distribution of the drug in France. But they withdrew it after some of its personnel had received death threats. The French government forced the company to return RU-486 to the market. Claude Evin, the French health minister called "RU-486 the moral property of women, not just the property of the drug company." Pro-life pressure on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration caused them to ban the importation of RU-486 into the United States until 1993. Boycotts were organized against Roussel-Uclaf, its parent company, and its American affiliates. A non-profit, New York-based group, Population Council obtained patent rights to the pill in 1994-MAY. A clinical trial was conducted in 1994-5. Following a Food and Drug Administration hearing in 1996, the FDA Advisory Committee rec...

History of the Sacco and Vanzetti Case

History of the Sacco and Vanzetti Case Two Italian immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Batolomeo Vanzetti, died in the electric chair in 1927, and their case was widely seen as an injustice.  After convictions for murder, followed by a lengthy legal battle to clear their names, their executions were met with mass protests across America and Europe. Some aspects of the Sacco and Vanzetti case would not seem out of place in modern society. The two men were portrayed as dangerous foreigners. They were both members of anarchist groups, and faced trial at a time when political radicals engaged in brutal and dramatic acts of violence, including a 1920 terrorist bombing on Wall Street. Both men had avoided military service in World War I, at one point escaping the draft by going to Mexico. It was later rumored that their time spent in Mexico, in the company of other anarchists, had been spent  learning how to make bombs. Their long legal battle began following a violent and deadly payroll robbery on a Massachusetts street in the spring of 1920. The crime seemed to be a common robbery, not anything to do with radical politics. But when a police investigation led to Sacco and Vanzetti, their radical political history seemed to make them likely suspects. Before their trial  even began in 1921, prominent figures declared that the men were being framed. And donors came forward help them hire competent legal help. Following their conviction, protests against the United States broke out in European cities. A bomb was delivered to the American ambassador to Paris. In the United States, skepticism about the conviction surged. The demand that Sacco and Vanzetti be cleared continued for years as the men sat in prison. Eventually their legal appeals ran out, and they were executed in the electric chair  in the early hours of August 23, 1927. Nine decades after their deaths, the Sacco and Vanzetti case remains a disturbing episode in American history. The Robbery The armed robbery which began the Sacco and Vanzetti case was remarkable for the amount of cash stolen, $15,000 (early reports gave an even higher estimate), and because two gunmen shot two men in broad daylight. One victim died immediately and the other died the next day. It seemed to be the work of a brazen stick-up gang, not a crime that would turn into a prolonged political and social drama. The robbery occurred on April 15, 1920, on a street of a Boston suburb, South Braintree, Massachusetts. The paymaster of a local shoe company carried a box of cash, divided up into pay envelopes to be distributed to workers. The paymaster, along with an accompanying guard, were intercepted by two men who drew guns.   The robbers shot the paymaster and the guard, grabbed the cash box, and quickly jumped into a getaway car driven by an accomplice (and said to be holding other passengers). The robbers managed to drive off and disappear. The getaway car was later found abandoned in a nearby woods. Background of the Accused Sacco and Vanzetti were both born in Italy, and, coincidentally, both arrived in America in 1908. Nicola Sacco, who settled in Massachusetts, got into a training program for shoemakers and became a highly skilled worker with a good job in a shoe factory. He married, and had a young son at the time of his arrest. Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who arrived in New York, had a more difficult time in his new country. He struggled to find work, and had a succession of menial jobs before becoming a fish peddler in the Boston area. The two men met at some point through their interest in radical political causes. Both became exposed to anarchist handbills and newspapers during a time when labor unrest led to very contentious strikes across America. In New England, strikes at factories and mills turned into a radical cause and both men became involved with the anarchist movement. When the United States entered the World War in 1917, the federal government instituted a draft. Both Sacco and Vanzetti, along with other anarchists, traveled to Mexico to avoid serving in the military. In line with anarchist literature of the day, they claimed the war was unjust and was really motivated by business interests. The two men escaped prosecution for avoiding the draft, and after the war  they resumed their previous lives in Massachusetts. But they remained interested in the anarchist cause just as the Red Scare gripped the country.   The Trial Sacco and Vanzetti were not the original suspects in the robbery case. But when police sought to apprehend  someone they suspected, attention fell on Sacco and Vanzetti nearly by chance. The two men happened to be with the suspect when he went to retrieve a car, which the police had linked to the case. On the night of May 5, 1920, the two men were riding a streetcar after visiting a garage with two friends. Police, tracking the men who had been to the garage after receiving a tip, boarded the streetcar and arrested Sacco and Vanzetti on a vague charge of being suspicious characters. Both men were carrying pistols, and they were held in a local jail on a concealed weapons charge. And as the police began to investigate their lives, suspicion fell on them for the armed robbery a few weeks earlier in South Braintree. The links to anarchist groups soon became apparent, and searches of their apartments turned up radical literature. The police theory of the case was that the robbery must have been part of an anarchist plot to fund violent activities. Sacco and Vanzetti were soon charged with murder. Additionally, Vanzetti was charged, and quickly put on trial and convicted, of another armed robbery in which a clerk was killed. By the time the two men were put on trial for the deadly robbery at the shoe company their case was being widely publicized.  The New York Times, on May 30, 1921, published an article describing the defense strategy. Supporters of Sacco and Vanzetti maintained the men were being tried not for robbery and murder but for being foreign radicals. A sub-headline read, Charge Two Radicals Are Victims of Department of Justice Plot. Despite the public support and the enlistment of a talented legal team, the two men were convicted on July 14, 1921, following a trial of several weeks. The police evidence rested on eyewitness testimony, some of which was contradictory, and disputed ballistics evidence that seemed to show a bullet fired in the robbery came from Vanzettis pistol. Campaign  for Justice For the next six years, the two men sat in prison as legal challenges to their original conviction played out. The trial judge, Webster Thayer, steadfastly refused to grant a new trial (as he could have under Massachusetts law). Legal scholars, including Felix Frankfurter, a professor at Harvard Law School and a future justice on the U.S. Supreme Court, argued about the case. Frankfurter published a book expressing his doubts about whether the two defendants had received a fair trial. Around the world, the Sacco and Vanzetti case turned into a popular cause. The United States legal system was criticized in rallies in major European cities. And violent attacks, including bombings, were aimed at American institutions overseas. In October 1921, the American ambassador in Paris had a bomb sent to him in a package marked perfumes. The bomb detonated, slightly wounding the ambassadors valet. The New York Times, in a front-page story about the incident, noted that the bomb seemed to be part of a campaign by Reds outraged about the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. The long legal fight over the case went on for years. During that time, anarchists used the case as an example of how the United States was a fundamentally unjust society.   In the spring of 1927, the two men were finally sentenced to death. As the execution date drew near, more rallies and protests were held in Europe and across the United States.   The two men died in the electric chair in a Boston prison early on the morning of August 23, 1927. The event was major news, and the New York Times of that day carried a large headline about their execution across the entire top of the front page.   Legacy of Sacco and Vanzetti The controversy over Sacco and Vanzetti never entirely faded away. Over the nine decades since their conviction and execution many books have been written on the subject. Investigators have looked at the case and have even examined the evidence using  new technology. But serious doubts still remain about misconduct by the police and prosecutors and whether the two men received a fair trial.   Various  works of fiction and poetry  were inspired by their case. Folksinger  Woody Guthrie  wrote a series of songs about them. In  The Flood and The Storm  Guthrie sang, More millions did march for Sacco and Vanzetti  than did march for the great War Lords.

What is the purpose of fashion Does this help or harm humans Essay

What is the purpose of fashion Does this help or harm humans - Essay Example , it would be easy to get â€Å"important information (or misinformation) as to†¦occupation, origin, personality, opinions, tastes, sexual desires and current mood† (Lurie, 184). This way, fashion becomes a channel through which the individual communicates to the world, without the use of the language of words. Additionally, the purpose of fashion is to influence the world, through portraying to others, what a person would like the world to know about him/her, or the way the individual would like to be viewed by others. Consequently, since the language of fashion is understood by the world, â€Å"if clothing is a language, it must have a vocabulary and a grammar like other languages† (Lurie, 185). Further, fashion also plays the role of separating an individual from the others, considering that when an individual is dressed in a typical way that the others perceive to be different, the individual is already differentiated from the masses. In this regard, fashion se rves as a means of promoting individuality. Unfortunately, in reality, fashion has had some harm on humans, considering that rather than fashion conforming to individuals; it is the individuals who have been forced to conform to fashion. This is because; â€Å"in fashion classrooms and design studios, the human figure is proportioned to emphasize the clothing, not the body† (Herman, 2). Thus, fashion has been established by the designers with an artistic perception of people, such that it conforms to the espoused slim and model-like individuals, while the rest, who may have some extra pound, curves or weight are left out, thus lowering their self-esteem. This is more especially because, â€Å"the fashion worlds emphasis on tall, thin and young women is frequently cited as contributing to poor self-esteem, anorexia and bias against the overweight† (Herman, 1). Moreover, while fashion is a way of individual expression that differentiates an individual from the masses, extreme application of fashion serves to

Single European Payment Area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Single European Payment Area - Essay Example The Single Euro Payment System an electronic payment system in the euro zone countries. The banking industry in the European Union came up with the idea having the first Single Euro Payment Area products launched in January 2008. The Single Euro Payment Area, simply called SEPA, is an electronic system that eases the electronic payment all across the Euro zone by the use of credit cards, debit cards, bank transfer or direct debit. The electronic system will make it easy for tourist from and within the European Union, access their money as if they are in their domestic country (Anamaria and Ghiba, 2). The Single Euro Payment Area is highly supported by the EC and ECB. This is because of its significance to financial institutions and their client. The European Payment Commission, which represents the European banking industry, the European Central Bank and the European Commission all have a common vision and goals in the execution of the SEPA. The European Payment Commission uses the industry’s self-regulations to improve and promote the Single Euro Payment Area. This is done by defining common positions for core payment services within a competitive market place. The EPC is also accountable for providing strategic guidance for standardization and provide or in some cases formulate the best practices and support while monitoring the implementations of made decisions (Anamaria and Ghiba, 2). The EPC has fabricated new product schemes for direct debts and credit transfers and a structured framework for payment cards. The EPC represent the whole European financial industry as the members are from banking associations and banks from the EU member states. This assures that all the credit institution, regardless of its size, within the European market has a say in the implementation process of SEPA. The European Central Bank played a substantial role in the implementation of

A newspaper invites young people to write articles about television Coursework

A newspaper invites young people to write articles about television programmes they either loathe or love. Write the piece you would send to the newspaper - Coursework Example You can tell which series it is from the opening sequence. Actually I can tell what series it is from the extent of Chandler’s physical decline. He starts out quite fit and degenerates into an increasingly zombified, staring-eyed mess. Apparently he had to fight some addiction demons in real life. My theory is that working with this bunch gradually eroded his sanity. I only watch Friends because it provides the ideal opportunity for venting all my pent-up frustrations about life. For me this programme has all the charms of an emotional punchbag. I look at the smug, silly faces and enjoy an imaginary workout in the boxing ring with each one in turn. Except Chandler. Something worries me about Chandler. It is a fact that every viewer on the planet, unfortunately, has a soft spot for one of the six characters. It’s a kind of post-modern Rorschach test. The one you identify with reveals your true nature. I never did see the attraction of Friends, and even now, almost a decade after the last series gasped its way onto our screens, I don’t get it. I mean look at the stereotypical gender roles. The girls are all mad: Rachel is sex-mad, Monica is neurotic and has issues with food, issues with hygiene, issues with men, and a seriously weird relationship with her brother. And Phoebe. Well, Phoebe is the poster girl for cloud-cuckoo land. â€Å"Smelly cat, smelly cat†¦You smell like something dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What was that all about? I hope the producers are insured against all the law suits that are bound to follow from children thinking that this is acceptable behaviour in an adult human being. And the boys are not much better. Would you go out with any of them? The show has a formula that is repeated ad nauseam until finally the characters just show up on the set and the dialogue writes itself. In fact it is so predictable that a ten year old could write it and nobody would be any the wiser. Joey and Chandler have little boy-games in their flat, while Rachel

Android The Most Popular Mobile Platform Computer Science Essay

Android The Most Popular Mobile Platform Computer Science Essay Introduction Mobile development platform is a technology that enables mobile developers to create of production and processes that support present and future development of mobile applications. In the assignment, I will compare three of the leading mobile development platforms in the market which is Android, BlackBerry, and Java ME with analyses on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each of the different platforms. Android SDK Android is the most popular mobile platform in the world. Android delivers a complete set of software for mobile devices; an operating system, middleware and key mobile applications. (Android Overview, Open Handset Alliance 2010) In 2005, Google acquired the startup company Android Inc. to start the development of Android platform for mobile. The Android SDK was first release in November 2007. Google announced the availability of Android SDK Candidate 1.0. Google offers a comprehensive software development kits with a variety of packages that are available a la carte under the Android SDK Manager. In October 2008, Android is an open source and Google releases the code under Apache License. (Android Overview, Open Handset Alliance 2010) STRENGTHS Google Google is one of the most well known technology company in the world. Android is backed up by Google in collaboration with Open Handset Alliance. Most of the potential partners, venders and developers will believe that Google will give more attention and credibility on Android OS compare to other mobile OS because of the brand. Device Unlike the Apples IOS where you have the only one option for hardware supplier which is Apple Inc. The Android OS is open source and it is compatible with most of the devices such as Samsung, HTC, Sony and etc. This will provides consumers wider choices from which manufacturer to choose to buy their devices. Open source The Android OS is built from a Linux based using JAVA language for the programming. Most of the developers, especially freelancer they will choose to develop mobile application by using Android where we can get the information and source code easily. This makes developers to create many free Apps for Android market (Currently known as Goggle Play Store). (Android SWOT analysis, Arun Kumar 2012) WEAKNESSES Multimedia Support Android Multimedia Support is less unlike the Apple which has centralized in iTunes application and marketplace. Android does not have a central source of multimedia material. Upgrading of OS reliance on mobile manufacturers When Google releases a new version of Android OS, it has to wait for the mobile manufacturer to make a compatibility test and modify the code to make sure it works properly on their hardware configuration. Least of security- Since Android Application development is open source, so it was always prone to external threats like malwares. OPPORTUNITIES Compatibility Android OS not only compatible with mobile, it also compatible for tablet PC and e-book reader. There have been several release of Android tablets over last few months from computer machine manufacturer such as HP, ASUS, Dell and ACER. Developing Countries Google has a huge opportunity to develop inexpensive devices using the Android platform in developing countries. (Hylander 2010). Android also has high potential growth in Asia and Africa Countries and it has triggered up the sales of smart phones and tablet PCs. Developer friendly Android give the opportunities to developers to develop advance application and earn some revenue from the sales of application and advertising. THREATS Competitive There were many competitors in the market are going to fight with Android for their share of the market. For example, Symbian, RIM, iOS and Windows. System Crashed Downloading of application from un-trusted website may make the operating system crash or affect other application in the smart phone. Androids cheaper initialize installation in low cost mobile phone which will affects the buyer compared to other platform such as iOS in IPhone. BlackBerry BlackBerry is a brand of wireless handheld devices and services developed by Canadian telecommunications company Research In Motion (RIM).(RIM 2012) The first BlackBerry device, an email pager, was released in 1999. (Davis, Jim January 20,1999) Most of the BlackBerry devices are well known in their send and receive push email and instant messages ability especially the BlackBerry Messenger service. They are also designed to function the devices as personal digital assistants, gaming devices and so on. STRENGTHS BlackBerry is a recognition brand of mobile development platform. BlackBerry Messenger allows their users to text unlimited with no extra cost. Several types of form-factors available in BlackBerry mobile phones such as small keyboard, large keyboard, flip phone, candy bar and no keyboard. BlackBerry is an encrypted military-grade security platform, with 100% market share at FBI, CIA, White House, Congress, Department of Defense, major consultancies and major investment banks. BlackBerry is the only one platform approved for use in US national security agencies. (Raman885 November 2011) WEAKNESSES BlackBerry has a poor applications store experience which is not able to install on all devices. Most of the applications which are available for iOS and android devices are not going to be available for blackberry mobile platform. BlackBerry is a business oriented phone, most of the fun application available for other markets but not for blackberry devices. There were two different operating systems between touch screen devices and non-touch screen devices. OPPORTUNITIES BlackBerry Partners Fund is used to make applications are downloadable from independent companies which might be help to gain more market share. BlackBerry World is the most profitable mobile application store for developers. BlackBerry has the ability to perform synchronization of email, calendar and contact with compatible servers. THREATS The main threat facing by BlackBerry is their competitors which include iOS of Apple, Android platform of Google, Windows Phone from Microsoft and other mobile development platforms. JAVA ME JAVA ME also known as Java platform Micro Edition. Java ME provides a flexible environment for application running on mobile and embedded devices such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones. STRENGTHS Java ME is offering flexible environment for multiple mobile application. Java ME included the object-oriented programming features make large programs easier to write. Java ME is an open sources platform for mobile development. WEAKNESSES It is not a complete development platform but just a virtual machine. JAVA ME only limited to embedded and small devices such as mobile phones. Java ME is only mostly open source whereas android is completely open sources. OPPORTUNITIES It enables developer to build sophisticated applications for multiple applications with confidence. The most popular and widely accepted development platform for wireless devices from leading phones manufactures. THREATS Android development platform is the main threats for Java ME platform especially the user interface android support touch screen smart phones. Most of the developers may choose Android instead of Java ME as the platform because of the number of users of android OS phone are increasing. Conclusion The most ideal platform that I choose is Android mobile development platform. First of all,

Sesame Street’s Big Bird and Shakespeare’s Caliban :: Tempest essays

Sesame Street’s Big Bird and Shakespeare’s Caliban â€Å"Caliban...takes shape beneath the arc of wonder that moves throughout the play between â€Å"creatures† and â€Å"mankind,† between animate beings in general and their realization in the form of humanity. Is he man or fish? creature or person?" (Lupton, 3). â€Å"Although in The Tempest the word creature appears nowhere in conjunction with Caliban himself, his character is everywhere hedged in and held up by the politic-theological category of the creaturely" (Lupton, 3). "A freckled whelp, hag-born " (1.2.285). "Legged like a man, and his fins like arms! " (2.2.31-32). "I shall laugh myself to death at this puppy-headed monster" (2.2.146-147). "A howling monster, a drunken monster" (2.2.179). "This is as strange thing as e’er I looked on" (5.1.292-293). "He is as disproportioned in his manners /As in his shape" (5.1.294-295). He is a poetic paradigm. When performed properly, he can take an audience from tears of laughter to tears of sorrow within a few paragraphs. Caliban is an actor’s dream, a scholar’s vision. Sighted as being both the missing link, but also portrayed in adaptations as more human than Prospero, Caliban is commentary, character and caricature. However, there is a question that plagues authors, directors, actors, and stressed out, indignant English professors: What is Caliban? Many books, articles, updates, adaptations, and arguments tackle this question. Together we will confront these demons, I will lead you down a path, present arguments, ideas, my own bias, but in the end leave you to answer the daunting question of Shakespeare’s man-monster: Four pictures taken from different productions and different collections of The Tempest illustrate how diverse Caliban is. Each one has a unique view of who or, more precisely, what Caliban is. They progress in an order, from pure beast, through something less to someone almost resembling a man. The pictures lead us on a progression from something entirely bestial to something else entirely. The first image demonstrates the best description of Caliban, a creature that slightly resembles a man and slightly does not. Throughout Shakespeare's text, no character refers to Caliban as a man. The other characters describe him as the indescribable. As Alonso says, "This is a strange thing as e'er I / looked on (5.1.292-293)." One of the most common terms used in The Tempest to acknowledge Caliban is moon-calf. The Oxford English Dictionary defines moon-calf as "A misshapen birth, a monstrosity.

Mini Case Starbucks Essay

1.How did Starbucks create its uniqueness in the first place? Starbucks create its uniqueness by offering premium coffee beans, thus creating an amazing image. Every store is a unique place with a wide range of products and a special homely ambience, emphasized by relaxing music and comfortable seating furniture. Other than that, customers can use the free wireless hotspot or just visit with friends. The high quality of the products connected with a fair price attracts many coffee lovers. Starbucks also offer a wide range of products for example 30 different blends of coffee and first supplier of beverages â€Å"to-go†. The special flavor of the coffee beans in every Starbucks reflect the high standard of quality by providing high quality beverages and food, combined with superior customer service in a friendly and welcoming environment. They can create unique experience among their customer, thus will increase their loyalty level. 2.Was Starbucks’s uniqueness a VRIO resource? Did it help Starbucks gain and sustain a competitive advantage? Why or why not?  YES Valuable : Starbucks is competence in creating a unique customer experience the world over. This is becaue they are not only paying for a cup of coffee or tea but also can enjoy the good ambience. Rare : The Starbucks possess the resource or can or can perform the capability in the same unique way. It also on the path to competitive advantage when it possesses a valuable resource that is also rare. Starbucks build its initial sign through barista and through its ambience where music and comfortable chairs and sofas cannot be find in other places. Costly to imitate : Their potential competitors seems like hard to produce the same idea as what they do. They might able to open a coffee house business but with no baristas and other uniqueness. Organized to capture value : Starbucks have an effective organizational  structure and coordinating systems to fully exploit the competitive potential of its resources and capabilities. So, Starbucks has gain and sustained competitive advantage. 3. Why and how did Starbucks lose its uniqueness? Starbucks lose its uniqueness when baristas used to grind beans throughout the day whenever a new pot of coffee had to be brewed which was at least every eight minutes. Many baristas began to grind all of the day’s coffee beans in the morning and store the rest of the day. Baristas now use push-button machines to make espresso drinks. That stores no longer smell like coffee and that every store looks cookie-cutter. 4.How is Starbucks attempting to re-create its uniqueness? Do you think it will be successful? Why or Why not?  Starbucks attempting to re-create its uniqueness by introduced many new products such as instant coffee. These new products undercut the integrity of the Starbucks brand for coffee purists. They also challenged the baristas who had to wrestle with an ever-more-complicated menu of drinks. With over half of customers customizing their drinks, baristas hired for their social skills and passion for coffee, no longer had time to dialogue with customers. The brand experience declined as waiting times increased. Moreover, the price premium for a Starbucks coffee seemed less justifiable for grab and go customers as McDonald’s and Dunkin Donuts improved their coffee offerings at much lower prices. Second, the early adopters who valued the club-like atmosphere of relaxing over a quality cup of coffee found themselves in a minority. To grow, Starbucks increasingly appealed to grab and go customers for whom service meant speed of order delivery rather than recognition by and conversation with a barista. Starbucks introduced new store formats like Express to try to cater to this second segment without undermining the first. As a result, Starbucks is successful in creating their uniqueness because since then they are able to increase their outlets for more than 18000 stores around the world in 2013. 5.Explain Starbucks’s ups and downs using (a) strategic activity systems and (b) the dynamic capabilities perspectives. What implications can you draw? (a) Strategic activity systems is the conceptualization of a firm as a network of interconnected activities. – grinding beans – second home – friendly service – relaxed atmosphere – beverages ( desserts, sandwiches), books, music – more than 30 blends of coffee (b) Dynamic capabilities perspective is a model that emphasizes a firm’s ability to modify and leverage its resource base in a way that enables it to gain and sustain competitive advantage in a constantly changing environment. The implications can we draw from this is :- (i) Starbucks forgot what made it unique (ii) Intangible resources were forgotten (iii) Lost appeal that made it special, its unique culture 6.What recommendations would you give Howard Schultz? Support your arguments.

RFID Technology Essay

RFID is a general term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity data of an object wirelessly, using radio waves. This is sometimes referred to as contact-less technology and a typical RFID system is made up of three components: tags, readers and the host computer system. Tags – An RFID tag is a tiny radio device, it’s also referred as a transponder. The tag comprises of a simple silicon microchip attached to a small flat aerial and mounted on a substrate. The whole device can then be encapsulated in different materials (such as plastic) dependent upon its intended usage. The finished tag can be attached to an object, typically an item, box or pallet and read remotely to ascertain its identity, position or state. Different types of RDIF Tags available are passive and active, used as per the RDIF data read / write requirement. Readers – The reader, sometimes called an interrogator or scanner, sends and receives RF data to and from the tag via antennas. A reader may have multiple antennas that are responsible for sending and receiving radio waves. Host Computer – The data acquired by the readers is then passed to a host computer, which may run specialist RFID software or middleware application to filter the data and route it to the correct IS application as processed useful information. RFID can help hospitals to locate equipment more quickly, logistics providers to improve the management of moveable assets, brings efficiencies in the supply chain by tracking goods from the point of manufacture through to the retail stores, used as EZ card for toll-collections, remote car door access. Use of RFID technology can increase business productivity and reduce associated costs. Because of such potential benefits of RFID, many of the world’s major retailers have adopted RFID tagging for pallets and cases shipped into their distribution centers. To ensure that companies benefit from the advantages RFID provides it is important to understand how to adopt this technology. RDIF technology is been accepted by many retail chains like Wal-Mart, Tesco, Metro etc. For the supply chain and operations it provides increased levels of product and asset visibility. Retailers are looking at using the RFID technology to automatically receive shipments, and have greater visibility into the merchandize in the warehouse and on the store shelves. Few of the current Issues Facing RFID Adoption * Globally interoperable standardization problem: RFID has been implemented in different ways by different manufacturers; global standards are still being worked on. Because no global standards defined for RFID adoption, interoperability between applications or devices are not possible, which can significantly accelerate the adoption of RFID technology. * Environment: Working environment is another issue of RFID Usage. The first one is water and liquids which can absorb the radio energy signals and thereby limit range or prevent tag read/write operations altogether. Metals are another material that generally reflect radio frequency signals and deflect the radio waves, thus altering their path. The temperature of the tagged products also affected the readings. Another issue in cased by dense reader or dense tag environment are collision which cause poor read rates. Dense reader environment consist of several readers places in one closed area resulting same tag been read by multiple readers resulting reader collision. A dense tag environment involves tags placed too closely to each other resulting in tag collision because of overlap in electromagnetic waves generated by the tags interferes when being interrogated by the reader. Right type of tag/reader has to be used depending on the product, tagging level, and operational environment. The right fit is in many cases obtained through tests, which will increase read rates and accuracy. * Data management: Many conversations about RFID inevitably end up by high volume of data and data management issues that are expected to arise from tagging individual products especially in retail store environment. Data management is a key issue for any organization deploying RFID technology, and the robust middleware is required to handle that much amount of data and route it to the right database is most concerned. The right architecture is required to filter and translate RFID into useful information. Also it’s important to identify what useful RFID data should be collected and stored, which will enable easier data management and processing.